Likewise, a high contrast filter can be applied to an area lacking in contrast or in a shadow that requires more darkness and depth. This is similar to 'flashing' but you can see the area in which you are working. One can apply a low contrast filter to an area in an image that is lacking in highlight detail. Besides being a lot easier to work with, variable-contrast paper offers a major advantage over graded paper and that is control over local contrast. You can generally standardize on one developer and use it for all contrasts. It is not necessary to buy a different box of paper for each contrast grade and it is not necessary to mix hard and soft contrast developers to match the scale of negatives that fall between contrast grades. Variable-Contrast Paper The primary difference between graded and variable-contrast papers is that, with the latter, filters are used to control contrast. I primarily use variable-contrast paper because of the great deal of printing control that they allow. A lot of printers that I have talked to insist that the best prints can be made on graded papers but I am not of that opinion. This technique is particularly difficult since it is impossible to see precisely where in the image the 'flashing' is being applied. It is possible to bring out delicate highlight details using this method but care should be taken not to give to much 'flashing' exposure. One way to lower local contrast is through 'flashing' where a piece of opaque plastic is placed below the lens and the target area is exposed to diffused light after the main exposure has been given. Controlling local contrast with this type of paper is difficult though not impossible. One can fine tune contrast between grades through the use of a mixture of a high contrast developer such as Kodak Dektol and a low contrast developer like Selectol-Soft. You must buy a full package or box of each grade so papers on the extreme ends of the scale might become outdated before they are used up. The contrast grade of the paper is matched to the contrast scale of the negative. Graded Paper Graded papers generally come in two to five contrast grades, depending on the manufacturer, with the lower numbers being softer and the higher numbers being harder. The two basic paper types are graded and variable-contrast. The paper is exposed through contact or enlargement and then developed in a developing agent. In the manufacture of these papers, a coating of clay, called 'baryta', is applied to paper and then a silver-halide emulsion is coated onto that. Print Gelatin-Silver Photographic Paper 'Gelatin-silver prints' are made on paper that is precoated by photo manufacturers and readily available in stores. Gerald Koch submitted a new resource: Selectol Soft - Selectol Soft The following formula is said to be very similar to the discontinued Kodak.
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